Ecological impacts refer to the effects that human activities, environmental changes, or natural disasters have on ecosystems and the species that live within them. These impacts can include habitat destruction, fragmentation, pollution, climate change, and invasive species introduction. Ecological impacts can disrupt the balance of an ecosystem, leading to declines in biodiversity, species extinction, and overall ecosystem degradation. Researchers in this area study the causes and consequences of ecological impacts, as well as strategies for mitigating and managing them to protect and conserve natural ecosystems.